FL, Panhandle, 20060125
Torreya State Park, many lichens and flowers.
One of my favorite places to botanize!
| | ST | | branching pattern is mostly alt |
| | BARK | | shaggy-flaking, brown |
| | LF | | 4 rows but growing in a single plane (saw one that wasn't planted in main picnic area though), 17x1.5+2mm, apic, petiole v slender and partly fused to stem, wedge base, acum tip ending in soft but sharp spinulose pt, same width entire length, two faint broad lter stripes bel |
There is one in the main picnic area, as well as a whole grove by the stone bridge (right side of far end if coming from main picnic area).
| | ST | | branching pattern is mostly opp to whorled |
| | LF | | 4 rows but growing in a single plane, 21x3+0.5mm, lance, trunc base, acum tip ending in vicious 1mm spine, stiffer than yew, dker and shinier ab than yew, two conspic thin white stripes either side of midrib bel |
These no longer grow more than shrub-high due to some blight. There are a bunch planted around Gregory House, and a few scattered here and there along the "orange" trails
hard to describe exactly where, eg. one is at about 2 o'clock on the boyscout challenge trail, where 6 o'clock is where the blue trail attaches to it, it's just right out there in the middle of an open wooded slope a yard or two from the trail on the outside side. There is another near the bottom of a ravine maybe 0.5 to 1.0 miles from the stone bridge going counter-clockwise, but it is better hidden by other evergreen shrubs.
Gaylussacia frondosa tomentosa
| | PET | | urn, wh-pink, around 7x2.5mm |
Trillium underwoodii
| | ST | | as long as lvs (though partially buried by lvs) |
| | LF | | v wh and dk gr splotched very strikingly beautiful! |
| | PET | | dk maroon, ellip-lance, 30x6-15(!)mm |
| | STAM | | fil much < anths, anth dehisc laterally, anths sagit |
| | OV | | 3 pairs of obious ribs/wings |
Bambusa multiplex
| | LF | | short but conspic petiole, silvery pubesc bel but not glauc |
Smilax bona-nox?
| | ST | | thin, sl scurfy, thorns flaattened |
| | LF | | spiny or not, thick edge, minor vein more or less paralleling edge, hastate to narr lance, often splotched, thin, base often cord |
Smilax glauca
| | LF | | conspic lter bel, thin, etc. |
Hypericum hypericoides
| | LF | | opp, fascicled, small obov, rounded-obtuse, sess |
| | INFL | | two big foliose brown bracts enclosing ripe fr at top of short pedicel |
| | FR | | 1 chamb, many seeds, oblong |
| | SEED | | finely but conspic papillose, oblong pill-shaped, gray-brown |
Sericocarpus tortifolius?
| | LF | | basal and alt reduced ab, grass-like, silvery silky both sides, 8mm wide |
| | PHYL | | imbr, appress, dk mid ab, abrupt acute, 4-5mm long |
| | FR | | fusif, 1mm, taper tip, v sericeous, brown |
| | PAP | | straw or old?, simple, cap, bristles, one series, 6-7mm |
If rays yellow, then it could be
Croptilon divaricatum, too...
Aristida stricta beyrichiana
| | SPKLT | | 3 equal straight 90deg awns from tip of lemma, glumes have 1 vein |
Andropogon
Several kinds? Not enough time to study subtle inflorescens properties properly.
Viola sororia
Lolium arundinacea?
Very tough to ID.
| | LF | | mostly basal| lig | | memb part 0.2mm, cilia 1mm or so |
apparently it has ciliate auricles??, 5mm wide, pilose both sides |
| | INFL | | v tall straight wand w distant v short appressed spikes, 1-6 spklts per spike, total 500mm or more long |
| | SPKLT | | 6-7mm, 2-3 fert fls above 1 ster fl, fls widely spreading| lem | | 3.2mm, sl keeled, horn-like tip, glab |
| pal | | 80% lemma, two v sharp scab keels |
| ster lem | | 2mm or so, like gls |
breaks between fls |
Tillandsia usneoides
Mitchella repens
Quite a number of these had more than one seed per chamb meaning up to 6 seeds in a fruit but the joined ovaries from two flowers thing is rather distinctive to say the least.
Smilax ecirrhata
| | ST | | tendrils present but useless, no thorns seen |
| | LF | | oblong-ovate, round apic tip, cord base, thick, quilted, shiny dk gr and sp strig ab, d tom and raised bel, veination exactly like other smilaxes |
Smilax smallii?
| | ST | | round, thorns straight and comp, thick, woody, sl rough? |
| | LF | | soft, green, glab, not glauc, 3 veins, entire, acute, wedge, lance |
Note, it is
not muscular like
S. rotundifolia.
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum?
Rough guess because I was running out of time and my material was very old.
Solidago petolaris?
Rough guess because I was running out of time and my material was very old.
Erythronium umbilicatum
| | LF | | 2, basal, ellip, acute, wedge, 60x40+40mm, mottled red-green, cold-sticky feeling |
| | TEP | | 6, reflex, lt yell, 30-40x10mm or so, wh and finely red spotted inside |
| | STAM | | 3 and 3, uneq, excl, reddish-purplish |
| | STYLE | | 1, simple, stig cyl, wh-yellish |
Oxalis corniculata
Youngia japonica
| | ST | | 100mm or so, puber bel to glabrate ab |
| | LF | | pinfid, term seg oblong and much larger than res, soft pil both sides, basal only |
| | INFL | | small open pan, 10 fls or more |
| | PHYL | | | 2 | | eq rows, a few tiny ones |
6mm, glab |
| | RAY | | yell, strap, 5 toothed, 4mm |
| | OV | | ellip, sl comp, glab, tiny |
| | PAP | | cap bristles, 3-4mm, wh |
Arnica acaulis?
| | ST | | thick, fleshy, red-purp bel, glab, grooved |
| | LF | | whorled bel to alt ab, pinglab, large |
| | INFL | | d term pan, many fls |
| | RAY | | 12, yell, 8x2.2mm, barely toothed |
| | PAP | | 5mm, simple, cap bristles, white |
Gelsemium sempervirens
| | LF | | opp, 45x13+5mm, lter bel, midvein red, glab, petiole curved, narr lance, long acute, wedge-round base |
| | INFL | | 2 per pair of lvs, pedicel short |
| | SEP | | 5, overlapping, free, obtuse, glab, lt gr, 6mm |
| | PET | | yell, joined, tube 11mm, lobes 5x5mm |
| | STAM | | 5, att near base of tube| anth | | yell, big, sagit, 4mm |
|
| | OV | | 1, sup, long, narr, 2 chamb, man ovules |
| | STYLE | | 1, 4-cleft, excl > stam, wh |
Lecanora hybocarpa?
| | GEN | | crust, on decid bark| thallus | | pale greenish grey, v thin, verruculose, C-, K+ v faint yell slowly dissolving completely, KC+ sl stronger deeper yell |
| medulla | | white if present at all |
| apothecia | | lecanorine, smooth reg rim, yellowish buff disk, adnate to v sl constricted, to 0.7mm |
| spores | | 8-9x5um, ellip, greenish, 1 cell, smooth, 8 per ascus |
|
No way to be even close to sure w/o powerful microscope. Now that I have chemicals and microscope, I still can't be sure using
Brodo which has woefully inadequate coverage of species in our flora for
Lecanora. At least the genus is certain. Seems also clear that it is in the so-called "subfusca" group.
Cryptothecia rubrocincta
Beautiful!!
| | GEN | | crust, on live decid bark| thallus | | cottony, conspic red band marg, red cottony material beneath (easy to peel off substrate), lt green inside marg, red fuzzy thingies borne ab surface in center, overall shape round |
aggressively covers other lichens, must grow quickly| chemistry | | C- bleaches, K+ dk purple in red areas and beneath green areas, KC- bleaches |
|
Stereum hirsutum
Laxitextum bicolor?
The Stereum is extremely common, and I've seen that numerous places before. But the second looked distinctively different smoother, rounder, flatter, rubberier, etc. Arora suggests Laxitextum but fails to describe it in any significant detail to verify.
Trypethelium virens?
| | GEN | | crust, on decid bark| thallus | | v thin, shiny, smooth, olive-orange mottled |
| apothecia | | perithecia clustered in raised yellowish broad rounded warts, submerged, only black "carbonized" mouth visible at 30x, mouth large (to 0.3mm) |
|
Graphis lucifera
| | GEN | | crust, on bark| thallus | | wh, smooth, v thin |
| apothecia | | lirellae, black, walls multi-ridged like french pastry, forked, directly on top of thallus |
|
Arthopyrenia?
| | GEN | | crust, on bark| thallus | | bluish-white smooth skin over thick sponge-like brittle black body, little black dots finely and d covering surface, dots sl raised w little whitish granules atop some of them, edge black and flush w substrate, v hard and ceramic-like |
|
Is this even a lichen?? I can't find anything green inside. (Found picture on
seaveyfieldguides.com, although they spelled the genus wrong apparently
Arthopyrenula, should be
Arthopyrenia.)
Panus rudis
| | GEN | | on hardwood log, tastes v good |
| | ST | | v short, off-center, wh, shaggy, 10mm thick, solid, flesh wh |
| | CAP | | 30mm, concave, v revol, brown, v d wh shaggy| flesh | | white, to 2-3mm thick |
tough rubbery |
| | GILL | | close, sl decur, straight, v few brs, cream, to 2mm thick |
| | SPORE | | white?, visible as white sparkles in oblique light at 30x |
Selaginella apoda ludoviciana
| | LF | | four rows in two planes| larger | | 2x1.2mm, ov, acute min serr |
| smaller | | lance, 1x0.5mm, acum |
bright green, conspic hyal marg at 10x |
Cladina evansii
| | GEN | | on sandy ground esp near pines, fruticose, frequently growing into ring in old age, otherwise often mushrooming poof sev cm across| thallus | | intricately br'd, soft when damp, hollow, wh w reg large lt gr spots (probably covering in total > 50% of area), soft, smooth, dull (apparently no cortex), no obvious main stem |
apothecia (minute brown cyl tips with dimple in end) |
Very similar to one I found in Ozarks on 20060128. Did chemical spot tests on it on 20060225: K+ yellowish, C-, KC- (whiter if anything). Doesn't succeed in distinguishing between C. evansii and C. rangiferina, but range isn't right for both no matter which I choose, so I'm going with the better fit: C. evansii.
Usnea strigosa
| | GEN | | on hardwood branches, fruticose, mostly bushy| thallus | | thick central cord, covered w v d fine long pap, v sl yell v lt green, smooth |
| apothecia | | disk-cup, 2-3mm wide, sl dker gr, min granular |
medulla pinkish |
Usnea subfusca?
| | GEN | | on hardwood branches, fruticose, more pendant than previous one| thallus | | thick central cord, covered w sp v long thin brs, lt yell-gr, covered with knobby clusteres of v min fine cyl projections, medulla white (axis too apparently), base blackened |
| apothecia | | cup-disc, lt green, 3-4mm |
|
Keyed but not described in
Brodo, so can't be sure, but key is clear.
Cladonia pachycladodes
| | GEN | | on sandy ground esp near pines, fruticose, forming poofy cushion, sev cm across| thallus | | intricately br'd, soft when damp, 1mm or more wide at base, powdery-lumpy, lt yell-gr, hollow, br'ing in twos |
no apothecia |
Cladonia leporina
| | GEN | | on pine bark, fruticose| thallus | | finely lobed squamules, med yell-gr, < 1mm |
| podetia | | hollow, lt yell-gr, bushy, well-br'd, raised retic pattern, sorta dull (but still apparently has cortex which generally makes it shiny), K+ yellow, C-, KC- or green (not fully cancelling K+) |
| apothecia | | gorgeous red-covered pillowy tips 1mm or so across, also minute black tips maybe about to turn into red apothecia |
|
| | GEN | | on ground, fruticose| podetia | | hollow, yell-gr, bushy, thick at base rapidly diminishing to v fine term brs, v dull v raised retic pattern, clear cortex present (easy to slice x-sect while still moist), medulla white |
apothecia (tiny to large dk red pillows covering br tips) |
These two looked different, but are in fact the same, no matter how I key either of them.
Cladonia coniocraea?
| | GEN | | on mossy clump on dead pine log, fruticose| thallus | | yell-green min squamules, finely lobed, white bel, not d packed discrete, granular around marg, C-, KC-, K+ yell to brown |
| podetia | | hollow, unbr, 15x1.5mm, tapering sl ab, cortex present but v powdery-granular, medulla white, a few squamules present |
apothecia (1-few or a ring of minute brown dots at tips of brs) |
I've revised all these finger-like Cladonia to
C. coniocraea due to all samples having same chemistry and same kind of farina/granules.
Cladonia cristatella
| | GEN | | on mossy ground, fruticose| thallus | | v d and intricately divided yell-gr squamules, no soredia, C- bleaches, K none to yellow-green, KC none to brown |
| podetia | | v few brs, hollow, 10x3mm or more, v d covered w squamules |
| apothecia | | lots, striking red pillows on ends of brs |
|
Cladonia didyma vulcanica
| | GEN | | on mossy dead pine bark, fruticose| thallus | | squamules, finely lobed, tiny, yell-gr, discrete, wh bel, no soredia, K+ bright yellow, KC-, C- |
| podetia | | hollow, v few brs, 6x0.2mm, lt gr, d covered w granules esp near top |
| apothecia | | min red pillows at end of brs |
|
Coenogonium implexum
| | GEN | | on living hardwood bark, crustose-looking but keys as sub-fruticose| thallus | | densely hairy spreading disc, olive green, loosely att to substrate easily peeled off in tact |
| apothecia | | disc, lt peach-orange, tiny < 1mm |
|
Rimelia cetrata
| | GEN | | on living hardwood twig, foliose| thallus | | lobes ~8mm, finely lobed, ruffled, flat, solid, cortex sl glossy lt gr, black dots ("pycnidia"), long sometimes forked black cilia, black to dk brown bel where att to wood elsewhere wh, v raised retic bel, black roots in the center where it attaches, tightly att where att, fine white retic maculae near edges in some places, K+ vivid yellow turning red, C-, KC- |
| medulla | | white, K+ blood red, C-, KC- |
| apothecia | | cup, greenish tan inside, 2-3mm, often hole in center right through thallus |
|
(I'd misidentified this as
Parmotrema perforatum at first, but now I know how to recognize the distinctive retic maclulae
otherwise they are hard to tell apart.)
Imshaugia aleurites?
| | GEN | | on living hardwood twig, foliose| thallus | | lobes ~3mm, finely lobed, pretty flat, lt gr, no cilia, white bel| roots | | white, short, unbr, entire subsurface |
white spots that may broaden into reticulate network in larger specimens?, isidia present in quantity, medulla white |
no apothecia |
Very close, but
Brodo doesn't mention pseudocyphellae/maculae, and is only supposed to occur at higher elevations. If anything keys better to
Heterodermia granulifera but I really don't like the description of the isidia as "rounder and more granular" enough so that it is named "granulifera".
Parmelia saxatilis?
| | GEN | | on pine bark, foliose| thallus | | lobes ~3mm, finely lobed, pretty flat, lt gr, no cilia, black bel| roots | | all over (except v near marg), short, unbr |
white retic maculae all over conspic, v d fine cyl isidia w brown tips |
no apothecia |
Best key, but wrong range
again supposed to be montane or northern. Sigh.
Pyrrhospora russula?
| | GEN | | on decid bark, crust| thallus | | lt gr-grey, verruculose, finely cracked, K+ v faint yell, C-, KC+ v faint orange-yellow |
| apothecia | | biatorine, raised, deep red-orange, 0.5mm, well-developed hymenium, exciple also red-orange, K+ red-purple |
| spore | | beats me I can't find anything| maybe | | 6x4um, rough ellip, 1 cell, greenish? |
|
|
Very unsatisfying ID, but this is a rather common species of
Pyrrhospora, so it's probably right.
Lepraria lobificans
| | GEN | | on bark, crust| thallus | | white cottony matrix, thick, covered with v lt greenish granules, K+ bright gold, KC+ darker gold, C- |
sterile |
Caloplaca chrysopthalma?
| | GEN | | on bark, crust| thallus | | olive-yellow, broken up into squamule-like things, gnurbly almost looks sorediate or stubby isidiate, K+ deep wine-red |
algae green| apothecia | | lecideine inside lecanorine thin thalloid margin| outer | | margin ragged, thin, thallus colored |
| biatorine | | marg lter orange, uniform, smooth |
disk reddish orange, no pruina, to 1mm, relatively dense but not v packed |
| spores | | 16x8um, ellip, smooth, polilocular, colorless, 8 per ascus |
|
Doesn't key well, but
C. chrysopthalma is mentioned in the comments for
C. flavorubescens, which is really the only one that grows on bark in the SE that even comes close in the key. The brief descript there confirms the ID fairly well, but I still wish I had a picture.
Lecania cyrtella
| | GEN | | crust on decid bark| thallus | | white to greenish, smoothish, thin, not cracked or areolate, K+ yellowish, C-, KC? |
| apothecia | | lecanorine, 0.2mm, reddish smoky brown, no pruina |
| spores | | ellip, smooth, colorless, 2 cells, 7-8x4um, 4 per ascus? (squashed it too much so there is a lot of empty room presumably where other spores were and most asci are completely empty) |
|
Buellia curtisii
| | GEN | | crust on same piece of decid bark| thallus | | rough grey, finely areolate-cracked, K+ yellowish slowly turning deep scarlet, C-, KC- |
| apothecia | | lecideine, pitch shiny black, well-developed rim, to 0.8mm, raised and sl constricted bel |
| spores | | 2 celled, rounded to semi-circular loculi (walls esp septum uniformly thickened), 18-20x6-8um, greenish to brown, smooth, ellip, 8 per ascus |
|
Genus keys out given that
Rhizocarpon is exclusively on rock (or so
Brodo says). It says that
B. alboatra is the only
Buellia on wood, but then presents several others that grow on wood in the key (!!) I didn't give the K test time at first to turn deep red, but it does get there eventually! Keys to
B. stillingiana, but mentions
B. curtisii in the comments as having larger spores. Both are common in the east. (See below
I've looked at the two side-by-side, the spores of this one
are definitely longer and "pointier".)
Buellia stillingiana
| | GEN | | crust, another twig| thallus | | rough finely cracked greenish grey, K+ yellowish turning slowly deep scarlet, C-, KC- |
| apothecia | | lecideine, pitch shiny black, well-developed rim, to 0.8mm, raised and sl constricted bel |
| spores | | 12x6um, ellip, smooth, rounded loculi, 2 cells, brown, 8 per ascus?, hymenium yellow-brown |
|
I'm going by the smaller spores, but otherwise identical appearance to the above.
Pertusaria trachythallina?
| | GEN | | crust, on bark| thallus | | greenish grey, shiny, verrucose, extensively cracked, K+ green/yellow, C-, KC- |
medulla wh, algae green| apothecia | | sorediate warts, white inside, supposed to be a black lecanorine disk in there but I can't find any, K+ vivid yellow, C- |
spores (all I can find are some long strings of round brownish cells probably from the pine bark substrate...) |
Keys out clearly to this species, but I can't for the life of me find the necessary apothecia buried in the soralia to verify it.
Sphagnum recurvum?
| | LF | | cells clear, in interlocking squashed "ess" shapes, crenulate on one side in xsect with small triangular green cells filling in crenulations on other straight side |
Keyed using
Redfearn, but little or no verification possible.
The famous twig:
Buellia curtisii
script one
script two
Pyrrhospora russula
Lecanora hybocarpa?
brown wart
some foliose
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